Amy Tan Biography Essay Example For Students

Amy Tan Biography Essay Amy Tan was born in 1952, in Oakland, California to Chinese immigrants John and Daisy Tan. Her family eventually settled in Santa Clara. When Tan was in her early teens, her father and one of her brothers died of brain tumors within months of each other. During this period Tan learned that her mother had been married before, to an abusive husband in China. After divorcing him, her mother fled China during the Communist takeover, leaving three daughters behind who she would not see again for nearly forty years. After losing her husband and son, Daisy moved her family to Switzerland where Tan finished high school. During these years, mother and daughter argued over what Tan should do in college and afterwards. Tan eventually followed a boyfriend to attend college in San Jose, where she earned Bachelors and Masters degrees in English and linguistics, despite her mothers wish that she study medicine. After Tan married her boyfriend, Lou DeMattei, she began to pursue a Ph.D. in linguistics, but she abandoned this endeavor to work with developmentally disabled children. Later, Tan struck out as a freelance business writer. Although she was successful, writing for corporate executives did not fulfill Tan. She began to write fiction as a creative release. Meanwhile, her mother suffered a serious illness. Tan resolved to take a trip to China with her mother if she recovered. In 1987, after Daisy Tan returned to health, they traveled to China to visit the three daughters that Daisy had not seen for several decades and the three sisters Tan had never met. The trip provided Tan with a new perspective on her mother, and it proved to be the key inspiration for her first book, The Joy Luck, a collection of sixteen interlocking stories about the conflicts between Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-raised daughters. Soon after its publication in 1989, The Joy Luck Club garnered enthusiastic reviews, and it remained on the New York Times bestseller list for more than six months. It won both the National Book Award and the L.A. Times Book Award in 1989. Tan continues to publish popular works. She often emphasizes that she writes primarily to create a work of art, not to portray the Chinese-American experience, that her bicultural upbringing is the source of inspiration for her work, not the end product. Kaitlin Stump Contemporary Literature Amy Tan The Joy Luck Club The Joy Luck Club contain stories about conflicts between Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-raised daughters. The book mainly talked About Jing-meis trip to China to meet her half-sisters, Chwun Yu and Chwun Hwa. Jing-meis mother, Suyuan, was forced to leave her twin babies on the roadside during her flee from the Japanese invasion of Kweilin. Suyuan intended to recover her children, but she failed to find them before her death. Finally, a after her mothers life long search her mother received a letter from the two lost daughters. After Suyuans death, her mothers three friends in the Joy  Luck Club, a weekly mahjong party that Suyuan started in China and later revived in San Francisco, urge Jing-mei to travel to China and tell her sisters about their mothers life. But Jing-mei wonders whether she is capable of telling her mothers story. Lindo, Ying-ying, and An-mei, members of The Joy Luck Club, do fear that Jing-mei might be right and that their own daughters may not really know them either. The book tells different stories of each characters life, and in each story teaches a lesson or tells of the Chinese culture. For example, Chapter Two talks about An-meis grandmother raising her because she disproved of An-meis mother becoming a concubine. When Popo, An-meis mother is on her death bead, An-meis mother makes a soup and cuts a chunk of her skin off her arm and mixes it in with the soup out of respect for her mother although they didnt get along. In Chapter Three it speaks of how Lindo was promised in marriage to Huang Tyan-yu when she was only two years old. They married when Lindo was sixteen years old, but the candle that is supposed to stay lit all night in order to symbolize lifelong loyalty even if her husband were to die was distinguished during the night so they were able to annul the marriage. .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 , .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .postImageUrl , .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 , .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5:hover , .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5:visited , .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5:active { border:0!important; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5:active , .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5 .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0d484f727e57c3f776a7417c4b5a9ef5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music in the Biography of an Ex-Colored man EssayThe book also shows how things that happen in childhood effect adult life. For example Rose, An-meis daughter was always responsible to care for her little brothers growing up. At the beach one day three of her brothers were fighting so she was told to break it up, but at that same time her youngest brother, Bing fell into the water without a trace. They looked everywhere for him but they gave up. They ended up finding Bings body the next morning. Later in her life Rose came to her mother telling her that she and her husband Ted were getting a divorce. They dated for many years before resulting in the both of them clinging to each other. Ted made all the decisions, but after he lost in a lawsuit he started to push Rose to make some of the decisions and said that she resisted in taking on any responsibility and blame. Her marriage was a result of her brothers death and thinking although it was not her fault that it was her fault. Also another example of this is that Suyuan pushed her daughter, Jing-mei to become things that she was not. She wanted Jing-mei to become a pianist so she made her take lessons but Jing-mei never practiced. Suyuan and the piano teacher entered Jing-mei in a talent contest, but Jing-mei did very bad. As a child Jing-mei felt that she could never live up to her mothers high expectations. Suyuan did not realize how much her disappointment affected Jing-mei as a child. The book also speaks about how children take after their parental figures and internalize, even without meaning to, what their parent has  taught them. An example of this is that Lena, Ying-Yings daughter has been married to her husband Harold for eight years and they split the cost of everything equally, although Lena consumes far less than Harold. Lena got Harold to open his own business and worked there as a project coordinator. She also gave him the idea of opening up a restaurant. When Ying-ying goes to visit them she notices the list of shared items on the refrigerator has ice cream on it. She also knows that Lena does not like ice cream and tells Lena that they must not share ice cream, so Lena tells Harold that and he agrees, but Lena picks a fight anyway. During the fight Ying-ying breaks a vase on the table and asks Lena why she didnt stop it. Lena is silent in her marriage because she saw her mother silent in hers. Ying-ying tires to teach her daughter that expressing her wishes is not selfish on her visit because she does not want her daughter to make the same mistake she did. Another example of this is that a few months before her death, Suyuan cooked a crab dinner for the Chinese New Year. There was eleven people coming, but Suyuan hadnt counted one. The guests chose the best crabs, and when Jing-mei went to choose a crab she was going to pick the one with a missing leg, but her mother insisted that she choose the better of the remaining two. This shows that Jing-mei is different than the others, but the others had to have the best just like their mothers. Another part of the book touches on how the mother shows her daughter how to grow beyond her innocence without losing hope. It also shows how when a mother learns from her mistakes how she tries to teach her daughter without having to make the same mistake. Also this book demonstrates that the older generation can and does learn from the younger generation. An example of this is that due to Lenas marriage trouble it forces Ying-ying to confront her painful first marriage. .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 , .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .postImageUrl , .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 , .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44:hover , .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44:visited , .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44:active { border:0!important; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44:active , .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44 .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucca3949a52b944ec8529f7e9b1634d44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Andy Warhol, Prince of Pop: Biography EssayAnother major point this book touches upon is the fact that the American-raised daughters are Chinese not just through genes, but in personality, culture, loyalty, and respect. As a teen, Jing-mei refused her Chinese heritage and didnt even want to believe she was Chinese at all until she went to China after her mothers death to meet her half sisters. While in China Jing-mei finds out that she did appreciate her mother although she was worried that she didnt and knew nothing about her. She also realizes that she did not have to prove her Chinese identity to her two half sisters, that she belongs to their family automatically becau se of Suyuan. After her trip to China she found her mother and stops feeling doubt of her and Suyuans relationship with each other. In The Joy Luck Club each mother and daughter learned different things from each  other. Also, it talks about the transition from China to America and how the Chinese raised mothers must raise their daughters in America but keep their Chinese values. Jing-meis story represents her mother to her two half sisters as well as the struggle of relationships between mother and daughter.

Differring Religions Essays - English Reformation, Congregationalism

Differring Religions Each religious group possesses its' own individual world- view. Two groups, which vary a great deal when reflecting upon their world-views are the Native Americans and the Puritans. While one group holds one set of standards and beliefs to be true, the other group abides by a completely opposite set of ideas. The Native American religion functions using its' own world ?view. Unlike in Western religions, the Native American religion does not have certain places in which they need to be more religious than others do. In the Native American religion there is no notion of essential monotheism. There is no one true god in their religion; therefore they are free to have open-ended worship. The Native American religion is also made up of a pluralist belief. This means that different tribes have different myths and rituals, although they are all part of the same religion. In the handout, ?Franciscans and Indian Revolt?, the idea that the world-view of Native American religion differs from many others is evident. The main conflict in this reading is that men dominate most positions in religious power. The Shaman, the Native American religious leader, manipulated the people through rituals and trances. He was said to possess supernatural powers. The Shaman was both feared and admired by the Native Americans. He was known to have the ability to either heal a sick man, or kill him. It was these types of powers, which set him apart from the Jesuit priest in the reading. Originally the Native Americans despised the entire Jesuit religion. The hated their clothing, their ideas, the way they went about their lives, etc. However, the Jesuits immunity to disease made the Native Americans take notice of them. It was through this that they began to admire their ?powers?. The Native Americans saw the Jesuits as sorcerers, just as the Jesuits saw them. The Jesuits ritual of baptism made the Indians believe that Jesuits had the power to kill people with water. The Jesuits were also able to read and write, which greatly impressed the Native Americans. In the reading ?French Views of Native Americans?, the Native-Americans are described as ? they are I say, savage, haunting the woods, ignorant, lawless and rude.? They reading continues to go on referring to them as wanderers and basically a senseless use of human life. The French formed these opinions of the Native Americans when they went to them to try and convert them to Catholicism. The Native Americans had difficulty acquiring the new language, which left the French men angry and frustrated. This entire reading explains why the French men have such a great hatred of the Native Americans, however they will continue to try to convert the Native American people to Christian and Catholic belief. Many of the world-views of the Native American religion are quite different from those of the Puritans. The Puritan religion was once the central part of American identity. Unlike the Native Americans, the Puritans were a highly intellectual group. They had systems of meticulously written doctrines concerning the Renaissance. The Puritans also had a sense of adventure, which serves a higher intent. By having this characteristic they seek to create a better society. This is the opposite of what the French believed the Native Americans to be doing. According to the French reading ? they are wanderers, with nothing to attach them to a place, neither homes nor relationships, neither possessions nor love of country.? This description is on the opposite end of the spectrum from the Puritan life. The Puritans attribute their want for a better society to their pioneering spirit. They had the courage to come from England and settle their families in a new place and begin an entire new life with no guarantee of success. Puritans focus their religious beliefs around the notion of the covenant. This is yet another example of the difference between Puritan and Native American world-views. The Native Americans do not have one central ideal to follow, nor one God to praise. The covenant is the basic doctrine of Puritan experience. It is the notion that God makes people his own good people. There are three parts to the Puritan covenant. The first

Free Essays on Greek Architecture- A Portrayal Of Greatness

Rachel Jones Jones 1 Mrs. Wiseberger World History 31 October 2004 Ancient Greek Architecture- A Portrayal of Greatness â€Å"Greek architecture: the art of building that arose on the shores of the Aegean Sea and flourished in the ancient world.† (Columbia Encyclopedia) Ancient Greek architecture began with the admiration of ancient Egyptian architecture, and much of the same concepts are applied to this very day. They modeled many aspects of Egyptian architecture and refined their structural imprecision to develop their very own unique style. The Romans, along with other civilizations, admired their unique architectural fashion and borrowed these characteristics to mold and shape a distinct style of their very own. Ancient Greece is known to be one of the greatest influences to present-day architecture. (Arrowhead) The ancient Greeks loved life, and lived it with unmatchable gusto. They were a unique people who prized differences in personality and character. They believed individuality to be the foundation of their society, and individuals should be free as long as they acted within the laws of Greece. They highly respected intellectuals, and the concept of deep thinking. The strong emphasis placed upon intellectuality and individualism allowed them to excel in any area they desired. Greeks believed in striving for excellence no matter how big the challenge. Such an avid devotion for Jones 2 excellence paved the way for their many extraordinary accomplishments. (Arrowhead and Greek Culture) The elegance of Greek architecture reveals their aspiration for beauty in distinction. They possessed several different methods of construction, which are still admired and often practiced today. The earliest method consists of rectangular temples of wood with simple post-and-lintel construction. By the fifth century B.C., trees suitable for use were next to impossible to find as a result of deforestation. Architects de... Free Essays on Greek Architecture- A Portrayal Of Greatness Free Essays on Greek Architecture- A Portrayal Of Greatness Rachel Jones Jones 1 Mrs. Wiseberger World History 31 October 2004 Ancient Greek Architecture- A Portrayal of Greatness â€Å"Greek architecture: the art of building that arose on the shores of the Aegean Sea and flourished in the ancient world.† (Columbia Encyclopedia) Ancient Greek architecture began with the admiration of ancient Egyptian architecture, and much of the same concepts are applied to this very day. They modeled many aspects of Egyptian architecture and refined their structural imprecision to develop their very own unique style. The Romans, along with other civilizations, admired their unique architectural fashion and borrowed these characteristics to mold and shape a distinct style of their very own. Ancient Greece is known to be one of the greatest influences to present-day architecture. (Arrowhead) The ancient Greeks loved life, and lived it with unmatchable gusto. They were a unique people who prized differences in personality and character. They believed individuality to be the foundation of their society, and individuals should be free as long as they acted within the laws of Greece. They highly respected intellectuals, and the concept of deep thinking. The strong emphasis placed upon intellectuality and individualism allowed them to excel in any area they desired. Greeks believed in striving for excellence no matter how big the challenge. Such an avid devotion for Jones 2 excellence paved the way for their many extraordinary accomplishments. (Arrowhead and Greek Culture) The elegance of Greek architecture reveals their aspiration for beauty in distinction. They possessed several different methods of construction, which are still admired and often practiced today. The earliest method consists of rectangular temples of wood with simple post-and-lintel construction. By the fifth century B.C., trees suitable for use were next to impossible to find as a result of deforestation. Architects de...

School of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School of Nursing - Essay Example I feel that there would be plenty of opportunities for me after I earn a degree in nursing. I also think that this profession is very rewarding. Besides the fact that this would give me financial stability, being a nurse would give me an opportunity to practice a profession that focuses mainly on the well being of other people. Five years from now, I see myself practicing this career on a full-time basis and in one of the big hospitals in Florida. As mentioned above, I am currently involved in doing health care as a Nursing Assistant. By taking up Nursing, I would be moving up one step further to being able to be of service in the field of medicine and health care. I feel that this is a job that I would truly enjoy doing for a long time. Ten years from now, I see myself still continuing this profession and perhaps, looking forward to the  studying a particular area of specialization. I am aware that this field continues to evolve with the discovery of new diseases and medicines. Wi th this knowledge, I wish to further pursue post graduate studies so that I would continue to be competitive and qualified to provide nursing services. My admission into the Seminole Community College’s basic nursing program serves as a great challenge for me. My performance as a student under this program would determine if I would be qualified to further participate in SCC’s.My admission into Seminole Community College’s basic nursing program serves as a great challenge for me.

(Annotated Bibligraphy) Finding 10 acadamic secondary sources and Essay

(Annotated Bibligraphy) Finding 10 acadamic secondary sources and writing a brief description(each 3 sentences) - Essay Example Harris, Leonard. "Cosmopolitanism and the African Renaissance: Pixley I. Seme and Alain L. Locke." International Journal of African Renaissance Studies 4.2 (2009): 181-192. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. This academic journal article discusses the relationship between key actors in the Harlem Renaissance and the foundation of the Civil Rights Movement. The author suggests that the relationship between Seme (African National Congress) and Alain Locke helped fuel Lock’s writings that initiated the â€Å"New Negro Movement† and the Harlem Renaissance. This article gives new perspectives on the black rights movements discussed by Howard Zinn. This review analyzes the poem "Harlem Shadows" by Claude McKay. It discusses the conflict between Mckay’s British-based and formal writing styles with his role in the Harlem Renaissance. The article argues, as did McKay himself, that his mastery writing only allowed greater freedom to express his views and did not detract from his position of black oppression. By also discussing the structural component of his work, this review provides great in-depth information on the poem and the poet. This is a scholarly article dealing with the structure of social movements with particular attention to the Civil Rights Movement. The author argues that social movements are, at root, culture production agents and always produce new cultural forms in the course of struggle. In this sense, the new cultural form was a foundation for equality. The author describes seven components of social movements to help better understand the social implications of the Civil Rights Movement. This article takes the historical basis of the Civil Rights movement covered in Zinn’s â€Å"Or Does it Explode† and puts it into a modern perspective. It was written for the NAACP as an analysis of how well the Civil Rights movement worked and its influence in today’s world. It describes the long process

The strategies adopted by given organizations

The strategies adopted by given organizations Any management strategy adopted by a given organization or enterprise is always aimed at producing practical results in tandem with the existing organizational goals and objectives (Galie and Bopst, 2006). Several management theories and practices have been in place since time immemorial and always undergo improvements and optimization in order to give best results. The criteria followed when selecting a given management approach is influenced by several factors such as resource availability, organizational structures, operational costs and efficiencies, types and levels of diversifications, socio-economic factors, political and cultural factors, human resource development, international relations, among others (Ma, 1999). The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the various management theories that have been in place since 1900 and the various factors that have influenced their evolution, and adoption in organizational management. For better understanding, a comparison of the organizational perspectives using the basic characteristics and properties of the mechanistic and the organic organizational designs shall be briefly highlighted in the paper. Management theories provide logical theoretical frameworks applicable in the administration and general management of organizations and business enterprises. These theories basically act as a springboard or foundations that help guide enterprises toward achieving their set goals and objectives (Weymes, 2004, 85). In most cases however, the scientific management approach has been used a model in the managerial elements of organizations. In this case, organizations and business enterprises carry out systematic analysis of this model and modify most of its characteristic aspects in order to suit specific managerial requirements (DuBrin, 2006). Precautionary measures are usually put in place to ensure the fundamentals of this management strategy are upheld at all times. For the last one century (period between 1900 and 2000), the management theory is said to assume a developmental and progressive nature that puts into consideration the emerging trends and needs (environmental and internal needs) of organizations through appropriate response and adaptation mechanisms. In this domain, there are several approaches namely the classical approach, the quantitative approach, the human resource approach, the systems perspectives, the contingency approach, and the information communication technology (ICT) approach. The Quantitative Approach In management, the quantitative approach revolves around maximum utilization of a group of techniques and methods to aid the decision making process. This approach is derived from the scientific model and is often referred to as operations research and/or management science. In operations research, several scientific and mathematical analytical tools are broadly applied in deriving optimal management solutions. Such quantitative tools include, but are not limited to linear programming, statistics, queuing theory, the game theory, network analysis, and decision trees. The managerial applications utilizing the quantitative approach include quality control, quality assurance and inventory control (DuBrin, 2006). The Classical Approach In management, the classical approach includes a general combination of both administrative and scientific management. In this regard, scientific management involves broad application of scientific techniques and approaches with the overall aim of boosting the productivity and general performance of individual workers in a given organization. Administrative management on the other hand revolves around appropriate use of best management practices in the structuring, reorganization and general management of the organization (DuBrin, 2006). The Human Resource Approach This model applies the psychological facet of human nature in organizational management. The approach puts more emphasis on people management through proper understanding of their mindsets and individual needs (Gomberg, 1985). Major characteristics of the human resource approach revolve around the Hawthorne effect which is basically the study of human behaviour in response to apparent attention from evaluators/auditors. Secondly, the human resource model utilizes various components of the McGregorà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Theories X and Y, particularly in regard to human nature with specific reference to responsibility and work (Murphy, 2003). Lastly, this approach incorporates the Maslowà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s hierarchy of needs, spreading out from the very basic wants to those intended for leisure and self-actualization. Manpower development approaches, organizational behaviour theories and human resource management are based on the fundamental principles of this theory. The Systems Perspective This approach creates an analogy between an organization and a system made up of several intertwined features and components (Murphy, 2003). There are several management theories applicable fro the systems perspective e.g. strategic management theories of collaborative and competitive advantage, the innovation and competence theory, the human resource management and organizational behaviour, the resource-based view i.e. the theory of competitive advantage, etc (DuBrin, 2006). The systems perspective is an imperative method since the interlinking and interaction of existing capabilities, systems and internal resources can be used to give a better explanation of the changing trends and responsive nature of organizations towards their surrounding environment (Murphy, 2003). The Contingency Approach This is a management tool that appreciates the fact that no single management tool can be regarded as the best practice to effectively manage people and work in every prevailing situation. Based on this perception, this approach encourages the management teams to fully analyse situational and individual differences before settling on a given approach or solution (DuBrin, 2006). The innovation and competence theory and the strategic management theories of collaborative and competitive advantage, coupled with the perspectives of industrial organization utilize the various elements of the contingency approach in optimization and in carrying out improvements. The contingency approach also puts into consideration the different organizational and environmental structures and needs that influence an organization, together with other factors such as resource availability and capabilities with respect to individual organizations (DuBrin, 2006). The ICT (Information Communications Technology) Approach This approach has been influenced by the technological advancements in the various fields of ICT, including the internet. The developments in this field have several positive impacts on the organisational behaviour and the general conduct of managers and workers. The management theories utilizing the ICT approach include the supply chain management (i.e. procurement, distribution, logistics inventory theories), the strategic management practices and knowledge technology management (Murphy, 2003). Basic Characteristics of Types of Organizational Design The table below summarizes the two extreme ends that can be applied in organizational design and management Table 1.1: Basic Properties of Types of Organizational Design (Source: Derived from, Murphy, 2003, pp. 14) Organizational Feature Organic Mechanistic Centres of Power/ Authority Few Many Division of Labour Low High Power Base Expertise/ Merit Position Interrelations within the organization Many Few Use of Strict Rules, Regulations and Procedures Low High Primary objective / purpose Responsiveness, Adaptability, Flexibility Efficiency Based on the above discussions, it can be deduced that several management approaches can be used when dealing with various situations. There is no way one single approach can fully satisfy all the needs and demands of the organization (Robbins, et al, 2006). Compromise and optimization of all the above approaches can be utilized in deriving the best management practice that is result oriented. In scenarios characterised by complex, uncertain, ambiguous and volatile conditions, it is quite in order to restructure organizations by adopting strategies that can best fit the challenges posed by the prevailing circumstances. Conclusion

Assessment Portfolio and Analysis Essay

The purpose of assessment. b.Your plan for including assessment when working with children. c.How you can use assessment to document children’s work. d.How you will use children’s interests and ideas when assessing. Assessment Portfolio and Analysis The mission is to help children/students to better themselves and be able to finish any task that they have started to the fullest. The goal is to determine where the child is at developmentally/educationally. I will learn where the child stands, what they already know and how farther they can be pushed to achieving our goal. According to the text, â€Å"Assessment is the process of gathering information about children from several forms of evidence, then organizing and interpreting that information† (Wortham, S.C. (2012). I know that it is the teacher’s responsibility to test the students, from that the teacher will be able to understand where each individual child stands. My plan for including assessment when working with children is to be able to carefully be assess the child and take my time. I will make accurate decisions regarding the child and will include the child’s parents as well for their input. One way that I can use assessment to document the child’s work is through portfolio. According to teacher.scholastic.com, â€Å"These purposeful collections of children’s work illustrate their efforts, progress, and achievements over time. Teachers and children can compile the collections together from work completed in the classroom. As they talk together about the child’s interests and progress, they develop new activities for the child to focus on.† (http://teacher.scholastic.com/professional/assessment/perfassess.htm)